{"id":4303,"date":"2025-06-13T09:06:20","date_gmt":"2025-06-13T06:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/malestuspingid\/miina-harma\/"},"modified":"2025-09-18T16:28:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T13:28:21","slug":"miina-harma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/malestuspingid\/miina-harma\/","title":{"rendered":"Miina H\u00e4rma (9. veebruar 1864 \u2013 16. november 1941)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ama-block block-txtmedia\"><div class=\"block__body\"><div class=\"body__content\">\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading wp-el\">Miina H\u00e4rma<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">(9. February 1864 \u2013 16. November 1941)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-semi-large-font-size wp-el\">Composer, Choir Conductor, Educator \u2013 Pioneer Woman in Music.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">Miina H\u00e4rma was Estonia\u2019s first professional female composer, the first female organist, and the first prominent female choir conductor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">She received her initial musical education at home and from Karl August Hermann, whom she met as a teenager while listening to rehearsals of the \u201cVanemuine\u201d mixed choir. She studied piano under Ernst von Knorre. In 1880, she composed her first choral work,&nbsp;<em>\u201cIsamaa, \u00f5itse sa!\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;(\u201cFatherland, May You Flourish!\u201d). From 1883 to 1890, she studied organ at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory (in Louis Homilius\u2019s class), harmony with V. Siecke, and counterpoint and fugue with Julius Ernst Christian Johannsen.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><div class=\"body__media\"><div class=\"splide\" data-splide={\"type\":\"fade\",\"pagination\":false}><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"splide__list\"><li class=\"splide__slide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Miina-Harma-1280x853.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"txtmedia-block_d02c9a6f166ba72942b9dd4738bd8d7b\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/bis-images\/3979\/Miina-Harma-620x380-f50_50.jpg\" class=\"attachment-620x380\" alt=\"Miina H\u00e4rma\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/li><li class=\"splide__slide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/IMG_4015-1280x960.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"txtmedia-block_d02c9a6f166ba72942b9dd4738bd8d7b\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/bis-images\/2945\/IMG_4015-620x380-f50_50.jpg\" class=\"attachment-620x380\" alt=\"IMG_4015\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/li><li class=\"splide__slide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/IMG_4016-960x1280.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"txtmedia-block_d02c9a6f166ba72942b9dd4738bd8d7b\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/bis-images\/2947\/IMG_4016-620x380-f50_50.jpg\" class=\"attachment-620x380\" alt=\"IMG_4016\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"splide__arrows\"><button class=\"splide__arrow splide__arrow--prev\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"11.25\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 11.25\"><path d=\"M-2457.2-3425.987a.754.754,0,0,0,0-1.136l-3.788-3.449h11.1a.847.847,0,0,0,.883-.8.847.847,0,0,0-.883-.8h-11.1l3.787-3.449a.754.754,0,0,0,0-1.136.945.945,0,0,0-1.248,0l-5.293,4.821a.753.753,0,0,0,0,1.137l5.293,4.821a.927.927,0,0,0,.625.236A.927.927,0,0,0-2457.2-3425.987Z\" transform=\"translate(2464.001 3437.001)\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button class=\"splide__arrow splide__arrow--next\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"11.25\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 11.25\"><path d=\"M-2455.8-3425.987a.754.754,0,0,1,0-1.136l3.788-3.449h-11.1a.847.847,0,0,1-.883-.8.847.847,0,0,1,.883-.8h11.1l-3.787-3.448a.754.754,0,0,1,0-1.136.945.945,0,0,1,1.248,0l5.293,4.821a.753.753,0,0,1,0,1.137l-5.293,4.821a.927.927,0,0,1-.625.236A.927.927,0,0,1-2455.8-3425.987Z\" transform=\"translate(2464.001 3437.001)\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">After completing her studies, Miina H\u00e4rma worked in Saint Petersburg as a piano teacher and choir conductor, and she also founded an Estonian children\u2019s choir there. She performed as an organist in Estonia, Saint Petersburg, England, Finland, and Germany. From 1894 to 1903, she lived in Tartu, where she founded a mixed choir in 1894 that became one of Estonia\u2019s highest-level concert choirs at the time. The choir performed internationally and participated in the 1896 General Song Festival. Her collection&nbsp;<em>\u201cMiina H\u00e4rma\u2019s Choral Concert Songs\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;(Vols. I\u2013II, 1898) included fifteen of her own compositions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">From 1895 onward, she collected folk songs along Estonia\u2019s western coast and organized regional song festivals. Between 1903 and 1915, she lived in Kronstadt, working as a piano teacher and organist, and in 1915 returned to Tartu. From 1917 to 1929, she taught music at the Estonian Youth Education Society\u2019s Girls\u2019 Gymnasium, which has borne her name since 1964. She served as editor-in-chief of&nbsp;<em>Eesti Muusika Kuukiri<\/em>&nbsp;and was a member of the editorial board of&nbsp;<em>Muusikaleht<\/em>. In 1919, together with Juhan Aavik and Harald Laksberg, she supported the founding of the Tartu Higher Music School. H\u00e4rma was honored as an honorary member of numerous choirs, societies, and organizations due to her popular compositions and civic engagement. In 1938, she received the Estonian Red Cross II Class Medal, and 1939 was declared Miina H\u00e4rma Year in her honor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">The majority of her work consists of vocal compositions, including the musical play&nbsp;<em>\u201cMurueide t\u00fctar\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;(Estonia\u2019s first musical stage work), the cantata&nbsp;<em>\u201cKalev ja Linda\u201d<\/em>, over 200 choral pieces, and solo songs. Since 1891, many of her choral works have been included in the repertoire of the General Song Festivals. Between 1894 and 1928, she published ten collections of choral songs and wrote&nbsp;<em>Laulmise \u00f5petus koolidele<\/em>&nbsp;(\u201cSinging Instruction for Schools\u201d). Today, her best-known work is likely the choral song&nbsp;<em>\u201cTuljak\u201d<\/em>, a combination of several folk melodies, with lyrics by Karl Ferdinand Karlson and choreography for folk dance by Anna Raudkats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\"><em>A television program \u201cMemories of Miina H\u00e4rma\u201d (1989) is available in the archives of Estonian Public Broadcasting (ERR), featuring her music.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\"><em>The texts have been compiled using materials from Estonian Public Broadcasting (ERR) and the Estonian Music Information Centre (EMIC).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After completing her studies, Miina H\u00e4rma worked in Saint Petersburg as a piano teacher and choir conductor, and she also&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4300,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4303","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4303"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5134,"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4303\/revisions\/5134"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lauluvaljak.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}